eye redness

Eye infections

Usually, eye infections (conjunctivitis) have other symptoms in addition to eye redness, such as purulent secretions, eyelid adhesions, tearing, and burning eyes. In some cases, especially in viral eye infections (viral conjunctivitis), fever, sore throat and cold symptoms may also accompany these symptoms. In these cases, the same virus that caused a cold has also affected the eye. Treatment for eye infections is usually topical antibiotic drops or ointment, such as chloramphenicol drops or erythromycin ointment. Washing eyes with cold tea is also useful for relieving symptoms and reducing secretions. It should be known that hygiene is very important in cases of conjunctivitis because these infections are contagious and can easily be spread from the affected person to healthy people. Among the ways of transmission are shaking hands and kissing with infected people and using shared towels. It should be remembered that one should not expect that the infection will be cured immediately by starting the treatment with antibiotic drops or ointment, and usually this disease should take its course and gradually improve. In some cases, such as eye infections of children under 5 years of age with some bacteria such as hemophilus or gonorrhea, in addition to local treatment, treatment with oral or injectable antibiotics should also be performed.

Eye sensitivity and allergies

In eye allergies, in addition to eye redness, there is usually itching and sometimes tears, but itching is a prominent symptom. In some cases, it is easy to find the allergen (allergen) in some cases, such as cosmetics, plant pollen in the spring, or even pillow filling, but in most cases, it is difficult to find the allergen, and considering that there are thousands of allergens in the breathing air. Especially in big cities, it is sometimes impossible to find the cause of the allergy. Eye sensitivities are usually fleeting and temporary and recover after a few days even without treatment, but in some cases such as spring conjunctivitis or atopic types, garlic sensitivities last for several months or several years and long-term use of medication is required for treatment. . The treatment of common eye allergies includes the use of topical drops such as anapridine, flucort and cromolyn and the use of cold compresses. Cooling the eyes and cold compress significantly relieves the symptoms.

Scratches and wounds on the corneal surface

It should be remembered that the surface of the cornea of the eye is the richest part of the body in terms of innervation of the sense of pain, and surface scratches that may not cause any symptoms in other parts of the body, on the surface of the cornea with many symptoms such as redness, burning, tears. and they show the sensation of a foreign body behind their eyelids. Therefore, the feeling of a foreign body does not necessarily mean the presence of a foreign body in the eye, and sometimes it is due to scratches on the surface of the cornea. In the case of corneal scratches, after an eye examination and ensuring that there is no foreign body, eye dressing and the use of a topical antibiotic to prevent infection usually improve the symptoms. The dressing is external or in the form of a dressing lens and is usually removed after one or two days.

Foreign objects on the surface of the eye

Foreign bodies in the eye also cause symptoms similar to corneal scratches, i.e. redness, burning, watery discharge, and foreign body sensation. In these cases, the eye should be washed with water first, and if the object does not come out, do not try to remove it because it will cause more damage and it is necessary to see an ophthalmologist. The ophthalmologist examines the eye under a microscope (slit lamp) and removes the foreign body, after which the eye is usually bandaged and local antibiotics are prescribed.

(UV Keratitis)

This condition usually occurs a few hours after welding without protective glasses or after working in environments full of ultraviolet rays or skiing without glasses in snowy environments that reflect a lot of ultraviolet rays. Symptoms are burning, redness, pain and watery eyes and fear of light. Damage to the surface cells of the cornea due to ultraviolet rays is the cause of the complication. Treatment includes eye dressing after antibiotic and pupil dilator drops. The dressing should usually be left on for about 24 hours for the damaged cells to regenerate and the symptoms to improve. Continuous use of numbing drops or some common treatments among non-experts, such as placing potatoes, is useless and even dangerous.

Acute increase in intraocular pressure (acute angle-closure glaucoma)

acute increase in eye pressure (what is glaucoma Acute closed angle) causes eye pain and redness along with blurred vision and in some cases headache and nausea and vomiting. This condition usually occurs around evening in middle-aged women. In this disease, which is also called acute glaucoma, due to the closure of the outlet of the aqueous humor in the eye and its accumulation, the pressure in the eye suddenly increases, and this increase in pressure causes eye pain and redness, blurred vision, and seeing halos around objects. And also headache, nausea and vomiting. In this disease, eye pressure should be lowered using local, oral, and injectable drugs, and then laser therapy for both eyes (YAG Laser PI) should be performed to prevent recurrence of the patient's attack.
High eye pressure for a long time causes damage to the optic nerve and the eye itself, and permanent low vision and blindness. Of course, it should be known that headache in most cases does not have an eye cause and is mostly due to brain and nerve (neurological) problems. Even in a case of headache, which is called cluster headache, it is a one-sided headache with redness and tearing of the eye on the same side, which should not be confused with eye problems. It should also be remembered that glaucoma is not always associated with headache, and its chronic type does not cause any symptoms to the patient in the early stages, and only in advanced cases does it cause disturbances in the field of vision and reduced vision. . In the chronic type of glaucoma, which happens to be the most common type, only an examination by an ophthalmologist can help diagnose the disease. Treatment of glaucoma with eye pressure lowering drugs in the early stages can prevent further damage to the eye and optic nerve and allow a person to have a normal life and vision. Again, it is reminded that the increase in eye pressure in the chronic type of glaucoma does not cause any symptoms for the patient in the early stages, and the patient does not have headaches, eye redness, or other eye symptoms.

dry eyes

Dry eyes and lack of watery part of tears in some cases alone and in some cases with diseases of other parts of the body. For example, in Sjogren's syndrome, dry eyes are accompanied by dry mouth and other mucous membranes. In some rheumatic diseases, dry eye is one of the symptoms of the disease. Dry eyes and lack of tears cause symptoms such as foreign body sensation, burning, red eyes and watery eyes. These symptoms become severe in hot and dry seasons and dry areas and polluted air. Contrary to the idea that comes from its name, watering and tearing due to irritation of the eye surface is one of the symptoms of dry eyes. The treatment of dry eyes in mild and moderate cases includes tear replacement drops and softeners such as artificial tear drops and softeners. In more severe cases, sometimes other measures are needed, such as closing the tear ducts in the eyes to prevent tears from coming out of the eyes and other measures.

Eyelid problems

Eyelid problems such as blepharitis (infection and inflammation of the edges of the eyelids) can cause burning, redness of the eye, and foreign body sensation. In blepharitis, there is inflammation and infection of the edges of the eyelids. In some cases, small dandruff sticks to the edges of the eyelids and the roots of the eyelashes. In severe cases, eyelid inflammation can be seen with the naked eye in the form of redness and thickening of the edge of the eyelids and thinning of the eyelashes. In these cases, there is usually redness of the eyes. Treatment of most cases of blepharitis (infection and inflammation of the eyelid edge) includes hygiene of the eyelid edge. Eyelid edge hygiene includes washing the edge of the eyelid and the root of the eyelashes with baby shampoo and massaging the eyelids, warm towel (warm eyelid compress).
In severe cases, local and oral drug treatment is needed. In some cases, eye redness is due to problems in the place where the eyelashes grow, in the form of misplaced eyelashes or protruding eyelashes (trichiasis) or turning back inside the edge of the eyelid (entropion). Is. Sometimes due to a previous disease such as trachoma, there is an irregularity in the edge of the eyelid that causes problems. In these cases, if the symptoms do not improve with treatments such as artificial tears and emollient ointments, surgery is usually needed to correct the abnormal condition.

Surface problems of the eyeball

Some problems related to the surface of the eyeball, such as irregularity of the corneal surface, nails, loose conjunctiva, etc., can cause eye redness and eye discomfort, which can be treated depending on the case with softening drops and local ointments, artificial tears, and corticosteroids in more severe cases. is.

Eye redness secondary to drug use

Some drugs, especially hormonal drugs in neurological and psychiatric drugs, can cause redness of the eye and dilation of the surface vessels of the eye, which usually improve when the drug is stopped. Even some foods can cause red eyes, especially substances that have a lot of caffeine, such as coffee. In cases where the patient has to take medicine, there is no need to take special measures for treatment. Sometimes, nefazoline drops can be used temporarily to reduce redness. It should be noted that long-term use of nephazoline drops aggravates the symptoms of redness after stopping use, and its continuous use should be avoided. Some topical eye medications, such as anti-glaucoma medications and eye pressure-lowering medications, and antiviral medications can also cause eye redness.

Superficial inflammations of the eyeball

In superficial inflammations of the eyeball, such as scleritis and episcleritis, there is usually redness with sensitivity and pain when touching the eyeball. In mild cases, the treatment is with topical corticosteroid drops, and in more severe cases, oral treatments are needed.

Inflammations inside the eyeball

Internal inflammations of the eye such as uveitis cause redness and eye pain along with fear of light. In some cases, there is a decrease in vision. These inflammations (uveitis) are usually recurrent and in some cases are accompanied by an inflammatory disease of the body such as rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. For this reason, the patient should tell the doctor about other symptoms such as a history of joint pain, back pain, or mouth sores. Treatment is usually with topical corticosteroid drops and pupil dilating drops, and in some cases, other treatments such as oral medications and injections around the eyes are also needed. Here, in addition to treating the eye problem, other body parts should also be examined in terms of the main underlying disease. Because the main treatment is the treatment of the underlying disease and the eye treatment is only symptomatic. In intraocular inflammation caused by the cat parasite (toxoplasma), severe intraocular inflammation occurs, which is accompanied by reduced vision. In this disease, antibiotic treatment against the cat's parasite (toxoplasma) must be done, otherwise the vision loss will remain permanent.

Vascular problems

In some vascular diseases of the head, face and neck area, such as misplaced connection of an artery with a vein (carotid to cavernous fistula) or Sturge-Weber disease due to misplaced vascular connections and blood return into the black veins and accumulation of blood in the tissues and redness We have eyes that this redness is without pain or foreign body or other symptoms. The treatment in these cases is the treatment of the underlying disease with surgery or other measures, and it is not necessary to treat the redness of the eye alone.

Bleeding on the white of the eye (subconjunctival bleeding)

Subconjunctival bleeding is a common condition, especially in the elderly and people with a history of high blood pressure. Redness (bleeding) usually occurs spontaneously after sneezing or coughing or straining or anger. This redness is accompanied by no other symptoms, such as burning, feeling of a foreign body, loss of vision, pain, etc., and the person becomes aware of it when looking in the mirror or by other people. This bleeding does not pose any danger to the eyes and will not cause any problems in the future and has nothing to do with eye pressure, but the affected person should be checked for blood pressure and associated diseases. This bleeding is a little more spread at first and then gradually becomes lighter in color and is gradually absorbed within a week or two, leaving no trace of it.

Entry of a foreign body in the cornea and conjunctiva

Some conditions such as stormy weather, carpentry or industrial work, gardening or some specific sports increase the possibility of a foreign object entering the eye. To prevent foreign bodies from entering the eyes, it is better to use protective glasses or eye covers in this situation and avoid rubbing your eyes with hands or gloves because small pieces of metal or wood may be stuck to them.

How is the treatment of corneal foreign bodies performed?

• Use of local anesthetic drops
• The removal of the foreign body should be done by the ophthalmologist and under the slit lamp, and this work is usually done using a thin head needle that the ophthalmologist may make changes in its head. It is better to remove the foreign body by swabs with Do not use linen tips because they will scratch more surface of the cornea.
• Antibiotic ointment and pressure dressing. Eye dressing is done by some ophthalmologists because by reducing the movement of the eyelids, the possibility of further damage to the cornea is reduced and the patient's pain is reduced.
• The patient should be examined every day until the site of foreign body entry is completely healed due to the possibility of infection.
• Anesthetic drops should not be used to treat patients' pain for daily use because they can delay recovery and even permanent scarring of the cornea, and in the event of further damage to the eye, prevent the occurrence of related symptoms.
• The use of Cortone drops is prohibited because it can delay the healing process and increase the risk of infection.

Keratoconjunctivitis or spring sensitivity

This disease is a chronic, non-contagious, bilateral sensitivity of the conjunctiva in the upper eyelid and around the cornea of the eye. It is more common in tropical and arid regions. The onset of this disease is usually between the ages of 3 and 25, and it is more common in boys than girls. The aim of controlling this disease is to reduce symptoms and prevent vision-threatening complications. The most effective treatment is to remove or stay away from allergens, which is often impossible. Cold compresses and the use of artificial tears and eye ointments relieve symptoms and dilute antigens. To treat the acute stage of this disease, local antihistamines can be used, and in more severe cases, local corticosteroid drops. Remember that the use of cell membrane stabilizers such as cromolyn sodium will not reduce the current symptoms of the disease, but will reduce the future symptoms of the disease. Therefore, this class of drugs is used to prevent and control the symptoms of the disease, and since these drops are harmless unlike corticosteroids, they should be used regularly so that their effect appears.

Herpes simplex eye herpes infection

Herpes simplex infection is a very common complication that affects the skin, mucous membrane, nervous system, and eyes. There are two types of this virus:

Type I is the one that causes herpes and can also involve the eye.

Type II is sexually transmitted and rarely causes eye problems.

Herpes type 1 is highly contagious and is spread by skin-to-skin contact with someone who has the virus. Almost all people (about 90% of the population) are exposed to herpes type 1

Almost everyone is exposed to type I virus during childhood; Fortunately, the initial infection of this virus is mild, it usually causes a sore throat or sores in the mouth and heals on its own. After causing the main infection, the virus enters a dormant or inactive period, but it remains in nerve cells. In certain conditions (such as fever, stress, sunlight, hormonal changes, heat, trauma, and even the use of certain drugs), the virus is reactivated. In reactivation, the virus may also involve the eye, in which case the eyelid (blepharitis), conjunctiva (conjunctivitis) and cornea (keratitis) are usually affected. Keratitis (inflammation of the cornea) is usually the first eye symptom of this disease, which often affects the surface layers of the cornea. If the infection spreads to the deeper layers of the cornea, the possibility of remaining a scar in the cornea increases. In some people, uveitis may also occur, and in rare cases, it causes extensive destruction of the retina. The treatment of this disease is different depending on its severity:

• Primary eye infection caused by this virus is usually treated with eye drops and ointments and sometimes oral antiviral drugs. The ophthalmologist may also remove the affected areas from the eye with an applicator (a device similar to regular ear swabs) whose end is covered with cotton.
• Frequent occurrence of Herpes eye infection causes the cornea (which is a transparent tissue) to be fogged up like glass, in such a situation, a corneal transplant may be needed to improve vision and remove the scar left by this infection.
• If the infection has affected the deep layers of the cornea, in addition to the above, the ophthalmologist also uses corticosteroid drops to reduce the inflammation. Remember that the use of corticosteroid drops must be done under the close supervision of a doctor, otherwise it will cause serious damage to the eyes.

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

The conjunctiva is a protective transparent layer that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the white of the eyeball. There are many small blood vessels, white blood cells and nerve fibers in the conjunctiva. These vessels are fragile and easily tear and cause subconjunctival bleeding. Although the appearance of this bleeding is very worrying, in most cases there is no serious problem and the bleeding will be absorbed by itself after 1 to 2 weeks. Subconjunctival bleeding is more common in diabetics and people with a history of high blood pressure. This condition occurs at all ages, but the possibility of its occurrence increases with age. This condition is also seen in newborn babies, which is usually caused by changes in the baby's body pressure during birth.
Bleeding under the conjunctiva is one of the common and mild side effects after LASIK eye surgery. Usually, no special treatment is needed for subconjunctival bleeding, and this condition improves by itself after 1 to 3 weeks. It is better to stop taking aspirin and ibuprofen and similar drugs. During the healing process, such as subcutaneous bleeding, the color of this spot may change from red to yellow and green. If subconjunctival bleeding is accompanied by the following conditions, you should see an ophthalmologist:

• Severe pain
• Visual changes such as blurred vision, diplopia
• Blood pressure history
• History of coagulation disorders
• Injury to eyes and head
• Simultaneous bleeding in both eyes

Eye allergies

Eye allergies are one of the most common reasons for seeing an ophthalmologist. On average, one out of every 10 to 15 people will experience symptoms of eye allergies during their lifetime. Eye allergy symptoms vary from person to person and range from mild burning and itching to severe, annoying, and sometimes dangerous symptoms. In addition, eye allergies often coexist with other allergy symptoms such as hay fever (runny nose) and skin allergies (such as atopic dermatitis). Pollen of flowers and plants, animal hair and feathers, drugs and cosmetics play a major role in causing eye allergies. Of course, sometimes eye irritation caused by irritants (such as cigarette smoke or dust) causes symptoms that are mistaken for eye allergies.

How is eye allergy treated?

• Avoiding the allergen: In cases where the substance responsible for causing the allergy can be identified, the best and most effective treatment is to avoid contact with this substance.
• Cleaning and improving the living environment: keeping the house clean in order to minimize dust, avoiding keeping pets, maintaining proper humidity in the air and cooling the air in the home and using dust absorbing filters can control allergy symptoms. help.
• Avoid scratching the eyes
• Using a cold compress: A cold compress reduces eye irritation and itching and usually has a soothing effect.
• Use of appropriate medications
• Allergy treatment: In certain cases, it may be possible to change the reaction of the body's immune system to a specific substance and prevent the occurrence of allergy symptoms in the affected person by methods such as inoculation of an allergenic substance and gradually increasing its amount. Of course, this method is expensive and time-consuming and is not possible in many cases.

• Pterygium

Glaucoma is a triangular lesion that extends from the white of the eye (conjunctiva) to the black of the eye (cornea). This lesion is caused by the benign growth of connective tissue and conjunctival vessels. Pterygium usually first develops as a white spot on the conjunctiva, which gradually grows towards the cornea. Due to the presence of many vessels, the color of the pterygium is usually pink or red. The pterygium sometimes becomes inflamed and causes burning, itching and tearing. Sometimes the pterygium grows a lot and reaches the middle of the cornea and blocks vision; In addition, even smaller pterygoids can cause astigmatism by changing the shape of the cornea and blur people's vision.

The treatment of this complication is done in one of the following ways:

• Self-healing: If the pterygium is small and does not have an unpleasant appearance and does not cause redness and irritation of the eyes, it does not need special treatment.
• prescribe: If the pterygium becomes inflamed and causes burning and redness of the eye, repeated use of artificial tear drops may relieve symptoms. In cases where the pterygium has severe inflammation, a course of treatment with steroid drops or other anti-inflammatory drops can be performed with the opinion of an ophthalmologist.
• Pterygium surgery: In the case of larger pterygiums that are important in terms of appearance and beauty, or have caused blurring of vision due to astigmatism, the pterygium can be surgically removed. However, if the pterygium is removed simply, there is a high probability of its recurrence, especially in young people and People who have inflamed pterygium are seen in half of oud materials. In these people, it is better to use additional methods such as conjunctival grafting or using special drugs (eg mitomycin) during surgery in addition to removing the pterygium.

In very large pterygoids that involve the middle of the cornea, it may be necessary to use a layered corneal graft in addition to the above measures to correct the shape of the cornea.

It should be noted that some eye tumors may be mistaken for pterygium at first. Therefore, in cases where the pterygium grows very fast or recurs frequently, we must consult an ophthalmologist.

Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry eye is one of the most common reasons people visit eye clinics. This disease, which often occurs due to changes in the quality or quantity of tears, can affect people of all age groups, but its prevalence is higher in the elderly. Another point is that women experience dry eyes more than men. The complications of this disease range from mild burning and itching of the eyes during eye work to corneal perforation in very severe cases.

In general, any factor that reduces the production or changes the quality of tears can lead to dry eyes, but the most important factors that cause dry eyes are:

• Increasing age: With increasing age, the amount of secretion of the aqueous layer of tears decreases. In addition, just as the fat of the skin becomes less and less in the elderly and the skin becomes dry, the amount of fat secretion in the eye will also decrease and as a result, the amount of evaporation of the aqueous layer will increase. Decreased oil production and increased evaporation of the aqueous layer of tears is the cause of dry eyes in most elderly people.
• Environmental factors: In hot and dry environments, the rate of evaporation of the aqueous layer of tears increases. Also, exposure to strong wind or cold and dry air of the heights can also lead to worsening of dry eyes. The use of heating devices (such as heaters and fireplaces) and exposure to dust and smoke (especially cigarette smoke) are other factors that aggravate dry eyes.
• Long-term eye work: Intermittent blinking is necessary to spread the tear film over the eye. Symptoms of dry eyes appear when a person stares at something for a long time and does not blink (such as working on a computer, staring at the TV or reading and while driving).
• medicines: Many medications can reduce tear production and cause dry eyes. The most important of these drugs are:
  • Antihypertensive drugs
  • Antidepressants
  • Heart medications
  • Antihistamines
  • Birth control pills
  • Many eye drops (especially those used to treat glaucoma)
• Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes due to changes in the amount of fat in the tear film can cause dry eyes. Menopause, pregnancy and the use of birth control pills aggravate dry eyes due to hormonal changes.
• Diseases: Various diseases such as thyroid dysfunction and some immune system diseases (such as Sjögren's and lupus) can cause dry eyes.
• Nutritional problems  : Vitamin A deficiency can lead to severe and dangerous cases of dry eyes.
• Inflammation of the edge of the eyelids (blepharitis): This disease worsens dry eyes by changing the fat of the tear film.
• Not closing the eyelids: If the eyelids do not close properly for any reason, the amount of tear evaporation will increase and the person will face dry eyes. In addition, in cases where a person blinks less normally due to neurological problems (such as Parkinson's), he experiences dry eyes.
• Using contact lenses: Using contact lenses is one of the common causes of dry eyes. Contact lenses like a sponge absorb the aqueous layer of tears and cause this complication. In addition, the use of contact lenses reduces the sensation of the cornea and reduces blinking, and this causes problems in the production and distribution of tears.

It should be noted that the problems caused by dry eyes may be very mild or very severe. In very mild cases, following the doctor's general recommendations will improve the symptoms, but in more severe cases, different treatment measures may be needed.

• Drink enough fluids throughout the day. This helps to keep the tissues of the body moist, including the surface of the eyes.
• When you do long-term eye work, try to blink voluntarily; Do not stare at the monitor screen, TV or book for a long time; Close the eyelids for a few seconds every 5 to 10 minutes.
• Avoid exposure to dust or cigarette smoke.
• In dry environments and in stormy weather, use appropriate glasses (sunglasses or prescription) as much as possible.
• In the cold seasons of the year when heating devices are used, use a humidifier to keep the room moist.
• Do not rub the eyes; Rubbing the eyes causes more irritation and worsens the symptoms.
• Use the hair dryer less.
• And pay attention to what hours the symptoms of dry eyes get better and when they get worse.

Drug treatments for dry eyes

• Artificial tear drops: Artificial tear drops are the most common medications used to treat dry eyes and usually relieve the symptoms of dry eyes. In mild and moderate cases of dry eyes, it is usually enough to use artificial tear drops 3 to 4 times a day to relieve the symptoms.

It should be noted that artificial tears are produced in different pharmaceutical factories and it is possible that certain factory products are more compatible with your eyes, so it is better to consult with your doctor to identify the different products and choose the product that is suitable for your eyes. You choose more compatible.

tip Protective materials are used in the production of some artificial tear drops, and the contact of these materials with the eyes of some people will cause irritation and worsening of dry eye symptoms. Therefore, if you use artificial tears more than 4 times a day, it is better to use drops without preservatives.

• Eye ointments: People who feel the symptoms of dry eyes while sleeping are advised to use simple eye ointments (prescribed by an ophthalmologist) before going to sleep. These ointments make the surface of the eye greasy and moist, and it is not recommended to use them during the day because, in addition to blurring the vision, it also reduces the drop effect of artificial tears.
• Oral antibiotics: In cases where inflammation of the eyelids and sebaceous glands contribute to dry eyes, the use of oral antibiotics (under the supervision of an ophthalmologist) can help improve the symptoms.
• Use of baby shampoo: In cases where inflammation of the eyelids has caused dry eyes, washing the edges of the eyelids with diluted baby shampoo will dissolve excess oil and help improve the symptoms.

treatment Dry eye surgery

In relatively severe cases of dry eyes, the necessary results may not be obtained with the above measures, in these cases, it is necessary to use surgical methods to improve dry eyes.

• Closing the tear holes: In this method, the holes that remove tears from the eyes are temporarily or permanently closed. Just as closing the drain of the sink causes water to accumulate in the sink, closing the tear outlet holes will also cause tears to remain in the eyes and the surface of the eyes to remain moist.
• Close the eyelids  ها: In cases where the paralysis of the eyelids or defects in the structure of the eyelids cause the eyes to remain open and tears to evaporate, by temporarily closing a part of the eyelids, the level of tear evaporation can be reduced and help to treat dry eyes.
• corneal transplantation: If severe dry eye has caused cloudiness or corneal ulceration, surgery may be needed to help improve vision پیوند قرنیه be Of course, the result of cornea transplant in these cases is usually not very good

(Chemical eye injury )

Chemical eye damage happens a lot and can cause from a mild irritation to loss of vision or even loss of the eye. Among the substances that can cause chemical damage if they enter the eyes are disinfectants, solvents, cosmetics, pipe-opening solutions, gas cleaners, ammonia, and bleaching solutions found at home and at work. be. Chemical eye injury is an emergency. Damage can occur within 1 to 5 minutes. Of course, most of the chemical damage to the eye only causes a superficial damage and is not associated with vision loss. Caustic chemicals (alkaline) such as ammonia, pipe openers, dishwasher powder and gas cleaners cause the most damage.

Symptoms of chemical damage include:

• Burning sensation in the eyes
• Heavy tears
• the pain
• Redness of the eye and eyelid surface

The duration of the symptoms and damage to the eye depends on the type and amount of the chemical that entered the eye.

Treatment of chemical eye injuries

• The most important treatment is to wash the eye with plenty of water as soon as possible. Before going to the doctor and immediately after entering the chemicals, hold the eye under the tap and rinse with plenty of water. It is better to use cold water and continue doing this for at least 10 minutes continuously, although it is recommended to continue washing until you see an eye doctor. To wash, you have to hold the eyelids open with two fingers of one hand and hold your face under the faucet in a crooked way so that the affected eye is at the bottom and the healthy eye is at the top, and the water pours from the upper part of the nose onto the affected eye. This condition prevents the healthy eye from getting infected. If both eyes are damaged, you can wash the eyes one at a time or put the face under water in such a way that both eyes are washed.
• If it is not possible to hold the face under the tap, another person can help to pour water on the eyes and keep the patient's eyelids open. If there is no access to water, you can also use a tap.
• If you use contact lenses, do not try to remove your contact lenses before washing your eyes. If the lens is still in the eye after several minutes of washing, you can remove the lens from the eye.
• Avoid rubbing your eyes even after washing.
• After visiting the ophthalmologist, he will continue washing with normal saline solution. Usually, the eye is numbed with numbing drops first. The ophthalmologist may hold the eyelids open with a special device. After complete washing, the pH (acidity) of the eye is measured. Washing will continue until the pH is at or near normal. In some cases, especially after severe burns with alkaline substances, it may be necessary to continue washing for 24 hours.
• After completing the washing, the ophthalmologist examines the eye and, if any, removes foreign bodies from it. Eye pressure is also measured. Antibiotic ointment is also prescribed to prevent infection and the eye is bandaged and closed. Severe cases of chemical damage to the eye may be hospitalized for regular monitoring of eye pressure and the course of corneal repair.

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctiva is a thin and transparent membrane that covers the white of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. Conjunctivitis is inflammation of this membrane that occurs due to infectious or non-infectious reasons.

Among the non-infectious types, the most common type of conjunctivitis is the allergic type. This problem is also seen in people who have seasonal allergies and may also occur due to allergies to substances such as cosmetics, perfumes, or drugs. This type of conjunctivitis is not contagious.

There are two types of infectious conjunctivitis. The type of virus that is the cause of viral disease and is usually associated with a cold, a cold, and a sore throat. The second type or bacterial conjunctivitis is usually caused by contamination with bacteria such as staphylococcus and streptococcus, and its severity depends on the type and species of bacteria.

Treatment of conjunctivitis

• Allergic conjunctivitis: cold compresses and use of artificial tears are helpful in mild cases. In more severe cases, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antihistamines may be used. Steroid drops may also be used in some patients who have persistent allergic conjunctivitis.
• Viral conjunctivitis: The viral type of the disease, like a cold, does not have a special treatment, and usually no special medicine is prescribed for it, but the symptoms of the disease can be alleviated by using cold compresses and artificial tears. In very severe cases, steroid drops can be used to reduce inflammation. Viral conjunctivitis usually heals within three weeks.
• Bacterial conjunctivitis: usually treated with antibiotic drops or ointments.

 

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